Photogrammetry surveying ppt
Coming to stereoscopes, there are four types of stereoscopes are available which are used for the photo interpretation.Lens and mirror stereoscopes are majorly used for photointerpretation. So, one can easily recognize from the shape of an abject in the map or photograph.Size is also an important factor in photo interpretation. Some kind of perspective properties are used in this method.
Then the model is measured and orthographically projected as map.
By this method we can prepare a planimetric map.
This point of intersection is called as principal plane.Bisector of angle of tilt will intersect somewhere on the photograph (at a distance of f tan (t/2)). This point is known as isocenter.Nadir point is a point on an aerial photograph pierced by the plumb line when dropped from front nodal point.The combination of points demonstrating ground points and photo points are known as homologous points. Apart from these, some characteristics should be maintained for good photo interpretation. The location of an object can be easily identified based on its surroundings.An aerial photograph can be studied to get the location of an object by its co-ordinates in the photograph.Similarly, to know the third dimension of same object, there should be minimum of two points of observation is needed from different angles.Parallax is nothing but a displacement of an object in the photograph when point of observation is shifted to another angle.In general Measurement of parallax can be done by two ways as follows:After collecting all photographs, it’s time to create or plot the map. This combination happened between original plane and projecting plane.Control points are points established on ground with known relative positions. In this method templates are prepared which are nothing but enlarged images of standard scale photographs. The photograph captured is observed by setting these control points as boundaries. This planning mainly depends upon the following factorsThere are some formulae are available for different parameters as follows.Flying height H = contour interval x CArea covered by one photograph = (length x scale) x (width x scale)No. In this article we will discuss about the aerial photography.The terms or definitions used in aerial photography are:An exposure station is the point at which aircraft is positioned in space with camera for instant of exposure by camera lens.The height of exposure station above datum is called as flying height.Altitude is the vertical distance between the aircraft and earth’s surface or ground.Tilt is an angle produced by the rotation of aerial camera about line of flight (vertical axis).Swing is angle produced by the rotation of aerial camera about horizontal axis which is perpendicular to the line of flight.
The size should fixed to some scale and properly interpreted on the photograph. Photogrammetry or aerial photography is the branch of surveying that deals with production of maps such as planimetric or topographic maps by compiling number of photographs taken in that area.Photogrammetry consists two branches:In terrestrial photogrammetry photographs are taken from a fixed position on ground while in the aerial photogrammetry, an aircraft with camera setup is used to take photographs from the air flying over the ground. The establishment of control points depends upon the scale of map, flight control, and cartographical method of mapping.Flight planning is nothing but knowing the height to be maintained by flight while taking photos, area to be covered in each photograph, number of photographs, no of strips, and time interval b/n exposures. Those are, a principal point is fixed in the photograph and the objects near this point are free from error of tilt.The change is position of an object due to tilt and ground relief are measured outwards from the principal point.
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