common earthquake injuries

Patients from countries with high levels of economic development suffered a higher percent of fracture and multiple injuries, but a lower percent of nerve and spine injury compared to those of patients from countries with low levels of economic development. Persons who died were injured in the thorax (42%), head (39%) or abdomen (21%), while those hospitalized, like those who went to emergency rooms, were primarily injured on the lower (54%) or upper (19%) extremities (Fig. While there are currently no reported injuries in Crete, Greece is a hotspot for earthquakes due to being in a seismically active location. Only one study mentioned the causes of earthquake-related injuries; crush/burying were most common, with a pooled incidence of 46.85%. 1.4). In high-magnitude earthquakes compared to those in low-magnitude earthquakes we observed a lower percent of soft tissue injury and a higher percent of nerve injury. Users must request such authorization from the sponsor of the linked Web site. Buildings or trailers and manufactured homes not tied to a reinforced foundation anchored to the ground are also at risk since they can be shaken off their mountings during an earthquake. Floods: In the United States, floods account for more deaths than all other disasters on this list. Emergency responders include firefighters, police, emergency medical technicians, construction workers and government representatives. Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury. Earthquakes will continue to strike, and healthcare responders must be prepared to overcome the resulting situations by anticipating consequences and planning accordingly.The first three authors contributed equally to this paper.We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. A Safety Officer may also be mobilized and report directly to the Incident Commander. This shaking can cause buildings and bridges to collapse; disrupt gas, electric, and phone service; and sometimes trigger landslides, avalanches, flash floods, fires, and huge, destructive ocean waves (tsunamis). The procedures and practices discussed in Emergency Preparedness Guides may need to be modified when additional, relevant information becomes available or when OSH Act standards are promulgated or modified.An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the ground caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the Earth's surface. Alternatively, if the structural failure is caused by an explosion or natural forces such as weather, the building may collapse in an outward direction resulting in a less dense and scattered debris field.Following a catastrophic failure of a structure, rescue workers and emergency responders may be required to enter the collapsed structure. This scenario may be caused by construction activity, an earthquake or fire and may result in a dense debris field with a small footprint. Earthquakes cause widespread casualties and significant loss of assets worldwide, and the injuries caused by earthquakes are always complex and of various patterns. Rescue workers such as Urban Search and Rescue Teams focus on finding survivors and later removing victims from collapsed structures.Although these catastrophic events may initially be quite chaotic, eventually site management will be under a unified command such as the recognized Incident Command Structure. After-shocks can occur in the first hours, days, weeks, or even months after the quake.

Buildings with foundations resting on unconsolidated landfill, old waterways, or other unstable soil are most at risk. Among patients with earthquake-related injuries, the most common … In this analysis, fractures, soft tissue and crush injuries were the three most common and most reported injury types. Deaths and injuries from earthquakes vary according to the type of housing available, time of day of occurrence, and population density. Care of injured survivors will depend on severity of injury and the extent to which appropriate medical and surgical resources are available. Extremities and the head/neck were the most common and mentioned injury locations. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.Earthquake-related injuries among survivors: A systematic review and quantitative synthesis of the literatureScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. All of the fatal injuries occurred on the day of the earthquake and 83% occurred within minutes of the earthquake's onset.

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