mars rover wheels
Each wheel also has cleats, providing grip for climbing in soft sand and scrambling over rocks.The rover has a top speed on flat hard ground of 4 centimeters per second (a little over 1.5 inches per second).Managed by the Mars Exploration Program and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA’s Science Mission DirectorateMade of aluminum, with cleats for traction and curved titanium springs for springy supportOne full turn of a wheel with no slippage is about 62 inches (157 centimeters) of drivingCapable of rolling over rocks the size of one of its wheels Each wheel has an aggressive tread composed of 48-grousers (or cleats), machined into its surface. That’s especially true with the types that cover large swaths of the moon and Mars. The slow pace is energy efficient consuming less than 200-watts. For added protection and safe driving, the rover drivers avoid terrains that would cause a tilt of more than 30 degrees.In the case of exploring Mars, however, speed isn't the most relevant quality. The Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Wheels and Legs. But a new rover design could spare future robotic explorers that fate. Made of aluminum, with cleats for traction and curved titanium spokes for springy support. The suspension system is how the wheels are connected to and interact with the rover body.The term "bogie" comes from old railroad systems. NASA’s Spirit rover, for example, met its end after getting stuck in a sand trap on Mars in 2009. The two front and two rear wheels also have individual steering motors (one each). The two front and two rear wheels also have individual steering motors. The new model can move its four wheels up and down and sweep them back and forth. The Mars Science Laboratory has six wheels, each with its own individual motor. This steering capability allows the vehicle to turn in place, a full 360 degrees. Compare that to a 200-horsepower car engine, consuming nearly 150,000-watts!Made of titanium tubing formed with the same process used to make high-end mountain bike frames.
The suspension also minimizes rover tilt as it drives, keeping it more stable.The rover's rocker-bogie suspension enables the rover to drive over obstacles (such as rocks) or through depressions that are as large as the rover's wheel (52.5-centimeters, 20.7-inches). If one side of the rover were to travel over a rock, the rover body would go out of balance without a "differential" or "rocker," which helps balance the angle the rover is in at any given time. The Perseverance rover has six wheels, each with its own individual motor.When driving over the uneven Martian terrain, the suspension system maintains a relatively constant weight on each of the rover's wheels. When one side of the rover goes up, the differential or rocker in the rover suspension system automatically makes the other side go down to even out the weight load on the six wheels. However, the rover is programmed through its "fault protection limits" in its hazard avoidance software to avoid exceeding tilts of 30 degrees during its traverses.The rover rocker-bogie design allows the rover to go over obstacles (such as rocks) or through holes that are more than a wheel diameter (50 centimeters or about 20 inches) in size.
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