working of geostationary satellite

So calculating the altitude simplifies into calculating the point where the magnitudes of the centripetal acceleration required for orbital motion and the gravitational acceleration provided by Earth's gravity are equal.where ? Over the United States there are two such satellites, the GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) - East and GOES-West. These disputes are addressed through the International Telecommunication Union's allocation mechanism. As observed from the surface, the satellite wanders within a rectangular region in the sky called the box.

Each satellite is shown individually and then the area that they are able to observe is highlighted. Similar elliptical orbits are used for the Sirius Radio satellites.Geostationary satellites have two major limitations. Located at 22,236 miles (35,786 kilometers) above Earth's equator, this position is … As the angle between the orbit and the equator decreases, the magnitude of this oscillation becomes smaller; when the orbit lies entirely over the equator, the satellite remains stationary relative to the Earth's surface – it is said to be geostationary.Satellites in geostationary orbits are far enough away from Earth that communication latency becomes very high — about a quarter of a second for a one-way trip from a ground based transmitter to a geostationary satellite and back, and close to half a second for round-trip end-to-end communication.For example, for ground stations at latitudes of f=±45° on the same meridian as the satellite, the one-way delay can be computed by using the cosine rule, given the above derived geostationary orbital radius r, the Earth's radius R and the speed of light c, asThis presents problems for latency-sensitive applications such as voice communication or online gaming.There are approximately 300 operational geosynchronous satellites.

The satellite now takes less than 23 hours and 56 minutes to complete one rotation around Earth, the normal time for most other operational geostationary satellites. The satellite travels at the same speed at which the earth rotates around the sun. The Iridium system has 66 satellites. Thus, a latency of at least 240 milliseconds is introduced when an EM signal, traveling at 300,000 kilometers per second (186,000 miles per second), makes a round trip from the surface to the satellite and back.There are two other, less serious, problems with geostationary satellites. GOES satellites continually view the Western Hemisphere from approximately 22,300 miles above Earth. Even then, episodes last for only a few minutes and take place only once a day. The box is small, but it limits the sharpness of the directional pattern, and therefore the power gain, that earth-based antennas can be designed to have. This site will be discontinued and retired by February 1, 2021. [6] Since the Clarke Orbit is about 265,000 km (165,000 mi) long, countries and territories in less-populated parts of the world have been allocated slots already, even though they aren't used, yet. A geostationary satellite can be accessed using a directional antenna, usually a small dish, aimed at the spot in the sky where the satellite appears to hover. Over the United States there are two such satellites, the GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) - East and GOES-West. [5] Countries located at the Earth's equator have also asserted their legal claim to control the use of space above their territory. Orbital speed (how fast the satellite is moving through space) is calculated by multiplying the angular speed by the orbital radius:Satellites in geostationary orbit must all occupy a single ring above the equator. There are many such satellites worldwide. Geostationary satellites travel at about 7000mph in order to maintain their geostationary orbit. Slow start is very slow over a path using a geostationary satellite.Another disadvantage of geostationary satellites is the incomplete geographical coverage, since ground stations at higher than roughly 60 degrees latitude have difficulty reliably receiving signals at low elevations.

The problem presently lies over densely-populated areas such as the Americas and Europe/Africa, and above the middles of the three equatorial oceans.If a geosynchronous satellite's orbit is not exactly aligned with the equator, the orbit is known as an inclined orbit. Satellite Internet access is Internet access provided through communications satellites.Modern consumer grade satellite Internet service is typically provided to individual users through geostationary satellites that can offer relatively high data speeds, with newer satellites using K u band to achieve downstream data speeds up to 506 Mbit/s. is found by dividing the angle travelled in one revolution (360° = 2p rad) by the orbital period (the time it takes to make one full revolution: one sidereal day, or 86,164.09054 seconds).

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